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\begin{document}

\title{Do the right thing: 11 Courageous Retractions\\}


 \author{The Authorea Team}


\date{}

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\href{http://www.retractionwatch.com}{Retraction Watch} is a blog that
tracks retractions in science -- and it's probably a site you never want
your research to be on. To many, retracting your work means that you've
committed fraud, and in most cases can be the end of a researcher's
career. However, that's not always the case: in fact, retracting your
work for the right reasons can even be good for your career~and good for
science (\selectlanguage{english}\cite{Lu_2013}). \emph{Retraction Watch} highlights cases
where scientists did not retract their work due to fraud, but rather
because it was~``the right thing.'' ~Here we take the opportunity to
further highlight these pieces and the courageous scientists that did
the right thing despite an enormous stigma.\\

\emph{We believe the future of scholarly communication will be more
dynamic than it is today. By definition, this will require more
corrections and retractions. ~Authorea was built to show the full
history of a document, from creation to final publication. We allow
annotations of the literature and believe that a more dynamic and robust
form of communication is the future -- it's what we're building.}
\href{https://www.authorea.com/}{\emph{Join us!}}\\

\emph{}\\

\textbf{1. ``Immunology: Ways around rejection'' (\cite{Vaux_1995})}\\

\href{http://retractionwatch.com/2013/06/19/why-i-retracted-my-nature-paper-a-guest-post-from-david-vaux-about-correcting-the-scientific-record/}{Retraction}:\\

\begin{quote}
I wish to point out that I no longer stand by the views reported in my
News and Views article ``Immunology: Ways around rejection''
(\cite{Vaux_1995}), which dealt with a paper in the same issue (``A
role for CD95 ligand in preventing graft rejection'' by D.
Bellgrau~\emph{et al.}~---~\cite{Bellgrau_1995}). My colleagues and I have
been unable to reproduce some of the results of Bellgrau\emph{et al.},
as reported by J. Allison~\emph{et al.}~(\cite{Allison_1997}).\\
\end{quote}

\textbf{2. ``Mer receptor tyrosine kinase is a novel therapeutic target
in pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia''
(\cite{Linger_2009})}\\

\href{http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22753864}{Retraction}:\\

\begin{quote}
The authors retract the 24 September 2009 article cited above,
prepublished on 30 July 2009. They have recently learned that some of
the cell lines used in their paper were inadvertently misidentified.
Although the parental 697 and REH cell lines used to generate the Mer
knockdown lines were authenticated by short tandem repeat (STR) analysis
before publication, the transduced progeny were not analyzed until
recently. The results of STR analysis indicate that the 697 shMer1A and
697 shMer1B cell lines are actually derived from the REH parental cell
line. Importantly, the identities of the other 6 REH and 697 cell lines
published in this study have been verified as authentic.Since this
unfortunate discovery, the authors have generated new 697 Mer knockdown
cell lines and authenticated their identity. These new cell lines are
being used to replicate the original work. Data obtained to date support
the overall findings and conclusions of the original report; these data
will be described in a new manuscript. The authors sincerely apologize
to the readers, reviewers, and editors of Blood for making this honest
mistake.\\
\end{quote}

\textbf{3. ``Demographic faultlines: A meta-analysis of the literature''
(\cite{2016})}\\

\href{http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/apl/101/8/1150/}{Retraction}:\\

\begin{quote}
Reports the retraction of ``Demographic faultlines: A meta-analysis of
the literature'' by Sherry M. B. Thatcher and Pankaj C. Patel
(\emph{Journal of Applied Psychology}, 2011{[}Nov{]}, Vol 96{[}6{]},
1119-1139). At the request of the editor and in consultation with the
American Psychological Association, the article is being retracted. This
action is a result of a review by the editor and two additional experts
that determined that there are significant errors in Tables 1, 2, and 3
which may affect the overall conclusions of the article. Co-author
Pankaj C. Patel led the analysis, and both authors acknowledge that
inaccuracies were made. The retraction of this article does not preclude
resubmission of a new article that addresses the issues noted in the
retraction. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in
record~\href{http://psycnet.apa.org/index.cfm?fa=search.displayRecord\&uid=2011-12686-001}{2011-12686-001}.)
We propose and test a theoretical model focusing on antecedents and
consequences of demographic faultlines. We also posit contingencies that
affect overall team dynamics in the context of demographic faultlines,
such as the study setting and performance measurement. Using
meta-analysis structural equation modeling with a final data set
consisting of 311 data points (i.e.,~\emph{k}~{[}predictor--criterion
relationships{]}), from 39 studies that were obtained from 36 papers
with a total sample size of 24,388 individuals in 4,366 teams, we found
that sex and racial diversity increased demographic faultline strength
more than did diversity on the attributes of functional background,
educational background, age, and tenure. Demographic faultline strength
was found to increase task and relationship conflict as well as decrease
team cohesion. Furthermore, although demographic faultline strength
decreased both team satisfaction and team performance, there was a
stronger decrease in team performance than in team satisfaction. The
strength of these relationships increased when the study was conducted
in the lab rather than in the field. We describe the theoretical and
practical implications of these findings for advancing the study of
faultlines. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights
reserved)\\
\end{quote}

\textbf{4. ``Individualistic sensitivities and exposure to climate
change explain variation in species' distribution and abundance
changes'' (\cite{Palmer_2015})}\\

\href{http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/2/4/e1600819}{Retraction}:~\\

\begin{quote}
In our recent Research Article ``Individualistic sensitivities and
exposure to climate change explain variation in species' distribution
and abundance changes''
(\href{http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/2/4/e1600819\#ref-1}{\emph{1}}),
we presented an analysis relating species-specific measures of
sensitivity and exposure to climate, to species' recent population
changes. While our measure and interpretation of species' climate
sensitivity remain correct, we now recognize our interpretation of the
exposure measure was inaccurate: Our climate models included an
intercept, representing a nonzero average population growth rate; thus,
the exposure measure incorporated not only climate effects but other
nonclimatic---and potentially unmeasured climatic---effects as well.
While our results still demonstrate that a significant proportion of
variation in population trends can be explained by exposure and
sensitivity, the correct interpretation of the exposure measure means
that the explained variation is not solely due to climate. As such, our
conclusion that a large proportion of variation in population changes
can be explained by individualistic responses to climate is misleading.
Given this, and to avoid confusion, we are wholly retracting the
Research Article, and we apologize that this was not picked up sooner.\\
\end{quote}

\textbf{5. ``Kidney Function and Rate of Bone Loss at the Hip and Spine:
The Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study'' (\cite{Jamal_2010})}\\

\href{http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272638616301949}{Retraction}:\\

\begin{quote}
This article has been retracted at the request of coauthors Victoria
J.D. Swan, Jacques P. Brown, David A. Hanley, Jerilynn C. Prior,
Alexandra Papaioannou, Lisa Langsetmo, and Robert G. Josse, on behalf of
the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study Research Group. Following
the finding of ``data falsification and/or fabrication'' by the first
author, Dr Sophie A. Jamal, in an article published
in~\emph{JAMA},~\href{http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272638616301949\#o0010}{\textsuperscript{1}}~thereafter
retracted,\href{http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272638616301949\#o0015}{\textsuperscript{2}}~the
Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study Group (CaMos) conducted an
investigation of the CaMos manuscripts for which Dr Jamal was the first
or responsible author. Dr~Jamal, formerly the Co-Director of the Toronto
CaMos Centre, was responsible for the integrity of the data and the
accuracy of the data analysis in this article. Dr David Goltzman,
Principal Investigator of CaMos, informed~\emph{AJKD}~that the CaMos
investigation found inconsistencies in this article that are difficult
to reconcile with the CaMos source data; moreover, the investigation
determined that the results of the reanalysis do not support the
conclusions as originally published. Dr Jamal, who was both first and
corresponding author, has declined to provide any comments or further
information. Based on the CaMos investigation, Dr Goltzman, on behalf of
co-authors Swan, Brown, Hanley, Prior, Papaioannou, Langsetmo, and
Josse, contacted~\emph{AJKD}~to ask that this article be retracted. Drs
Goltzman, Swan, Brown, Hanley, Prior, Papaioannou, Langsetmo, and Josse
recognize the seriousness of this issue; apologize unreservedly to the
editors, reviewers, and readers of~\emph{AJKD}; and are committed to the
integrity of the biomedical literature and believe there is no risk that
these possibly invalid conclusions harmed CaMos participants or patients
with osteoporosis.\\
\end{quote}

\textbf{6. ``Impact of weight loss diet associated with flaxseed on
inflammatory markers in men with cardiovascular risk factors: a clinical
study'' (\cite{Cassani_2015})}\\

\href{http://nutritionj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12937-016-0165-x}{Retraction}:\\

\begin{quote}
The Editor is retracting this article
{[}\href{http://nutritionj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12937-016-0165-x\#CR1}{1}{]}
because of concerns raised after publication with respect to the methods
and the statistical analysis
{[}\href{http://nutritionj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12937-016-0165-x\#CR2}{2}{]}
which the authors have not been able to adequately address
{[}\href{http://nutritionj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12937-016-0165-x\#CR2}{2}{]}.
We apologise to all affected parties for the inconvenience caused. All
authors support this retraction.\\
\end{quote}

\textbf{7. ``The impact of anesthesiologists on coronary artery bypass
graft surgery outcomes'' (\cite{Glance_2015})}\\

\href{http://journals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/Citation/2016/05000/Notice_of_Retraction.74.aspx}{Retraction}:~\\

\begin{quote}
As explained by Glance and Dick, the findings of the 2015 article ``The
Impact of Anesthesiologists on Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Outcomes'' are incorrect because of flawed statistical analysis. The
article is therefore retracted. The data in the retracted article are a
subset of a revised analysis appearing in this issue of~\emph{Anesthesia
\& Analgesia}. The authors' diligence in identifying the error and
correcting the analysis is acknowledged with appreciation.\\
\end{quote}

\textbf{8. ``Effect of cognitive therapy with antidepressant medications
vs antidepressants alone on the rate of recovery in major depressive
disorder: a randomized clinical trial'' (\cite{Hollon_2014})}\\

\href{http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleID=2515958}{Retraction}:~\\

\begin{quote}
We write to report that we have discovered a number of pervasive errors
in our published trial comparing recovery rates for major depressive
disorder with cognitive therapy and medication vs medication alone
(Effect of Cognitive Therapy With Antidepressant Medications vs
Antidepressants Alone on the Rate of Recovery in Major Depressive
Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial.~\emph{JAMA Psychiatry}.
2014;71(10):1157-1164).\\
\end{quote}

\textbf{9. ``Automated 3D feature matching'' (\cite{Chuang_2015})}\\

\href{http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/phor.12133/abstract}{Retraction}:\\

\begin{quote}
The article~`Automated~3D~feature matching' by Tzu-Yi Chuang and Jen-Jer
Jaw, published in~\emph{The Photogrammetric Record}, 30(149): 8-29 and
placed online on 12th February 2015 in Wiley Online Library
(wileyonlinelibrary.com) has been retracted by agreement between the
authors, the journal Editor (Stuart Granshaw), The Remote Sensing and
Photogrammetry Society, and John Wiley \& Sons Ltd. The retraction is
due to the inclusion of unattributed material, especially relating to
the equations, which have appeared in equivalent forms in previous
publications. The basic theory behind the formulation was mainly
developed and explicitly formulated in Han
(\href{http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/phor.12133/abstract\#phor12133-bib-0001}{2010a}),
Han
(\href{http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/phor.12133/abstract\#phor12133-bib-0002}{2010b}),
Han et~al.
(\href{http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/phor.12133/abstract\#phor12133-bib-0003}{2011}),
Han and Jaw
(\href{http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/phor.12133/abstract\#phor12133-bib-0004}{2013})
and Han et~al.
(\href{http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/phor.12133/abstract\#phor12133-bib-0005}{2014}).
These papers already established in detail similar theory, developing
comparable equations necessary for estimating the rotation, scale and
translation parameters as proposed in the RSTG approach in the Chuang
and Jaw (2015) paper in the~\emph{The Photogrammetric Record}. The use
of multiple geometric features and the quality assessment based on
distance and angular discrepancies have also been discussed at length in
these previous publications. These papers, listed below, should
therefore have been cited by the authors to attribute work already
published in the literature.\\
\end{quote}

\textbf{10. ``Women's preference for attractive makeup tracks changes in
their salivary testosterone'' (\cite{Fisher_2015})}\\

\href{http://pss.sagepub.com/content/early/2016/02/03/0956797616630941.full}{Retraction}:~\\

\begin{quote}
Our article reported linear mixed models showing interactive effects of
testosterone level and perceived makeup attractiveness on women's makeup
preferences. These models did not include random slopes for the term
perceived makeup attractiveness, and we have now learned that the Type 1
error rate can be inflated when by-subject random slopes are not
included
(\href{http://pss.sagepub.com/content/early/2016/02/03/0956797616630941.full\#ref-1}{Barr,
Levy, Scheepers, \& Tily, 2013}). Because the interactions were not
significant in reanalyses that addressed this issue, we are retracting
this article from the journal.\\
\end{quote}

\textbf{11. ``Visualization of Lipid Metabolism in the Zebrafish
Intestine Reveals a Relationship between NPC1L1-Mediated Cholesterol
Uptake and Dietary Fatty Acid'' (\cite{Walters_2012})}\\

\href{http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1074552115003348}{Retraction}:\\

\begin{quote}
In our original Resource, we reported a regulatory link between
NPC1L1-mediated cholesterol uptake and dietary fatty acid in zebrafish
larvae. In the absence of dietary long-chain fatty acids (LCFA), larval
enterocytes failed to internalize luminal BODIPY-cholesterol. We
attributed this LCFA dependence to the cholesterol transport protein
NPC1L1, as dietary LCFAs were shown to induce the translocation of
transgenic human NPC1L1 from a perinuclear compartment to the intestinal
brush border (supported by the data shown in Figure~5 of the Resource).
When overexpressed, human NPC1L1 localized to the brush border, where it
was able to mediate the internalization of BODIPY-cholesterol even in
the absence of dietary LCFAs (Figure~5). We also reported that NPC1L1
directly mediates cholesterol uptake by larval enterocytes (shown in
Figure~6 of the Resource). However, we recently discovered that the
larval expression of the human NPC1L1 transgenic
construct~\emph{hsp70:HsNPC1L1-mCherry}~we reported was in fact that
of\emph{hsp70:mCherryCAAX}, which encodes an mCherry fluorophore
modified with a prenylation motif. When employing a
recloned~\emph{hsp70:HsNPC1L1-mCherry}~vector, our experiments failed to
replicate the LCFA-induced translocation of NPC1L1 to the intestinal
brush border, indicating that the findings reported in Figures 5 and 6
are no longer valid. Our conclusions regarding zebrafish intestinal
lipid droplet formation and depletion when given a high-fat meal,
BODIPY-fatty acid incorporation into LDs, and BODIPY-cholesterol
localization to the endocytic compartment of enterocytes, distinct from
LDs, are not affected by this mistake. Additionally, the finding that
dietary cholesterol absorption is dependent on luminal long-chain fatty
acids is also unaffected. All of these experiments (Figures 1--4 in the
Resource) were performed using zebrafish lines that did not contain the
incorrect construct mentioned above. Nonetheless, given that some of the
core mechanistic conclusions we presented are no longer valid due to the
use of the wrong construct, we are now retracting the paper. We
apologize to the community if our error caused any significant confusion
or inconvenience.\\
\end{quote}

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