The complexity of the health sector in terms of underfunding and human resource shortages called for the establishment of several programs. One of the crucial programs established was the Primary Health Services Development Program (2007–2017), aimed at strengthening the accessibility of quality primary health services in all Tanzanian regions at the district level. The main objective of the study is to measure the impact of the Primary Health Services Development Program (PHSDP) on maternal and child health. Using Tanzania National Panel Surveys (waves 1 and 3), the study employed descriptive statistics as well as the difference-in-difference method in the analysis. Results indicated that the program’s implementation increased the likelihood of pregnant women delivering their children in a health facility and being attended by skilled personnel during giving birth by 43% and 53%, respectively, compared to if the program was not implemented. Moreover, the probability of a child’s health improvement increases by 82% when mothers use a bed net during pregnancy and after birth. The study also finds that it takes time for the impact of the program to be realized because, at the initial stage of the program’s implementation, people hesitate to attend health facilities due to misinformation in the health market and cultural beliefs about the new health information. We recommend that it is essential to analyze the quality of care in these facilities and whether the increase is uniformly distributed across different regions and socio-economic groups. Moreover, there is a need for sustained efforts in training healthcare workers and increasing community awareness about the benefits of skilled birth attendance.