Biofilm characterisation of the maize rot-causing pathogen, Fusarium
verticillioides
Abstract
Microorganisms often form biofilms—structured communities of microbial
aggregates encased in self-produced extracellular polymeric substances
(EPS). These biofilms enable adherence to surfaces and enhance microbial
survival and interaction. Several plant-associated fungi, including
Fusarium verticillioides, a mycotoxigenic fungus associated with maize,
are known to create biofilms, necessitating research into their role in
fungal persistence and disease development. This study aimed to
investigate the biofilm formation capability of F. verticillioides under
laboratory conditions. Our results indicated that stationary phase
cultures developed a biofilm-like pellicle characterised by a cloudy,
thin slime composed of hyphal aggregates. Microscopic analysis revealed
a heterogeneous structure of dense, entangled hyphae alongside
quantifiable EPS and extracellular DNA (eDNA) levels. The biofilms also
exhibited responsiveness to factors such as pH and temperature,
emphasizing their ecological relevance. Furthermore, we assessed the
role of eDNA in maintaining biofilm structure through DNase treatment,
which proved marginally effective in mature biofilms. This suggests
complex interactions between eDNA and constituents in the EPS during
maturation. The analysis of the