Proposed standards for implementing stepped care models in child and
youth mental health service systems: Results of a pan-Canadian Delphi
study
Abstract
Background: Stepped care is being adopted in many countries as
a framework for organizing mental health care in diverse contexts.
However, there is a lack of consistency in how it has been defined and
operationalized, limiting its effective application in practice. We
describe the development of standards for implementing stepped care in
Canadian child and youth mental health contexts using a consensus-based
approach. These standards are intended to support systems planners in
creating more cohesive child and youth mental health systems across
Canadian settings. Methods: This study employed learning
alliance and Delphi methodologies. A pan-Canadian multi-round Delphi
process conducted in English and French was used to derive consensus on
the inclusion and wording of individual clauses in the implementation
standard. Consensus with a threshold of 70% was set to determine
inclusion of individual clauses in the final standard. Results:
68 individuals participated in the Delphi study (with a 76.48%
retention rate) representing lived experience, service delivery, policy,
and research expertise. Participant feedback indicated a desire for
greater specificity, disagreements regarding the concept of shared
decision-making, and pragmatic questions about leading systems-wide
activities. Over 3 rounds, 29 clause items were revised and reduced to a
final list of 24 clause items comprising implementation standards.
Discussion: The results of this study represent the first
multi-stakeholder, consensus-driven set of standards for implementing
stepped care in child and youth mental health settings across Canada.
With these standards, we aspire to provide a blueprint for advocacy and
reform toward stronger, more coordinated mental health systems.