Ilona Cserhati

and 2 more

Universal Basic Income (UBI) and Universal Basic Services (UBS) are the subject of widespread discourse as a potential replacements for prevailing social welfare systems. While implementing a budget-neutral UBI often requires a significant increase in the tax burden, this study delves into innovative dimensions of the ongoing debate on future redistributive mechanisms. In a unique approach, a pilot program was conducted, introducing a novel policy mix that combines participation income with specific social transfers in-kind. This study explores the pilot program's impact, incorporating objective and subjective well-being assessment. Our findings reveal a notable improvement in objective well-being, and some increase in subjective well-being items can be achieved using the suggested eco-social policy mix. A key revelation from the study emphasises the effectiveness of combining personal mentoring and financial support, particularly when acknowledging individual capacity building. The analysis also suggests embracing a Roma identity will likely strengthen individuals' social-building competencies. One of the distinctive features of the suggested eco-social policy mix is its gradual implementation, making its fiscal impact more manageable. Additionally, it offers flexible adaptability to the specific needs of the target population. In conclusion, the findings suggest that the combination of participation income, social transfers in-kind and personalised support demonstrates potential improvements in well-being and societal cohesion, providing a foundation for further exploration and policy development.