Mimicking natural wind conditions using the variable boundary layer
method reveals species-specific variability in gas exchange dynamics
Abstract
Leaf gas exchange and evaporation are governed by the water vapor
pressure gradient and resistances, including stomatal and boundary
layers. Wind speed plays a critical role in modifying these processes,
yet the effects of natural wind variability on photosynthesis and
stomatal behavior remain understudied. We used a variable boundary layer
method to simulate natural wind variability and compared its effects
with constant high wind conditions, commonly employed in gas exchange
research. Our results showed that angiosperms were highly sensitive to
changes in wind. Grapevines benefitted from increased wind, with
photosynthesis improving by 14% and stomatal conductance increasing by
20% under high wind. Wheat displayed extreme sensitivity, with stomatal
conductance increasing by 15% as wind intensified and decreasing
similarly as it weakened, driven by mechanical interactions between
guard and epidermal cells. In banana, stomatal conductance under
constant high wind was 36% lower than under variable wind. In contrast,
gymnosperms and ferns exhibited minimal responses, maintaining stable
gas exchange due to structural adaptations like sunken stomata and
limited guard-epidermal cell interactions. These findings emphasize the
need to incorporate realistic wind dynamics in gas exchange studies.
Ignoring wind variability can lead to inaccurate measurements,
especially in sensitive angiosperms, and misinterpretation of their
physiological performance.