Revealing spatial patterns of lateral hydraulic conductivity through
sensitivity analysis
Abstract
As horizontal model resolution increases, hydrological processes, such
as lateral subsurface flow, need to be explicitly represented and
parameterized. In this study, we investigate the sensitivity of the
simulated discharge of the distributed hydrological model wflow_sbm to
the lateral saturated hydraulic conductivity over many catchments in
England, Scotland and Wales. The high quality CEH GEAR rainfall and
CAMELS-GB dataset make it possible to get insight into the spatial
variability of the horizontal-to-vertical saturated hydraulic
conductivity ratio (i.e. anisotropy) and its effect on simulated
discharge. Wflow_sbm models, including forcing (both EOBS and CEH
GEAR), were automatically set up using reproducible workflows for each
CAMELS-GB basins. The anisotropy of the lateral hydraulic conductivity
was varied over a large range (1 – 10000) and performance was assessed
using the non-parameteric KGE metric focusing on recession and baseflow
performance. Wflow_sbm model results indicate a high sensitivity to the
anistropy of the hydraulic conductivity. When plotting the optimal
anistropy values and resulting lateral hydraulic conductivities across
England and Wales, clear patterns emerge that seem to coincide with
geological features. For the best performimg anistropy values, we obtain
high KGE values (median=0.84). Resulting best performing lateral
saturated hydraulic conductivity values seem realistic when compared
with literature values. When comparing results to simulations from a
tuned Grid2Grid model, the wflow_sbm model shows comparable performance
for most stations. However, for parts in the south of England, where
chalk in the subsoil highly influences infiltration and lateral flow
behaviour, the performance of wflow_sbm is less good. This is likely
caused by the used geofabric which limits the soil depth often to 30 –
60 cm while it is known that the chalk layers below the soil are also
hydrologically active and exclusion of anthropogenic water use in the
model setup which is known to have a pronounced influence in these
regions. Spearman rank correlation of the logarithm of the derived
lateral hydraulic conductivities against derived base recession
coefficients from literature results in a correlation of -0.56
indicating a moderate to strong negative relationship. This analysis is
a first step towards getting more insight into parametrization of
lateral saturated conductivity and results will be used to investigate
deriving transfer function(s) for this parameter in the near future.