Conclusion
In a large group of patients with AF recurrence despite durably isolated PVs we investigated current ablation practices during repeat AF ablation, in the Netherlands. We observed a diverse range of ablation strategies ranging from no ablation to various combinations, with no significant difference in effectiveness between strategies, also irrespective of whether patients presented with paroxysmal or persistent AF. Prospective, randomized studies are necessary to gain further insights into whether and which additional ablation strategies beyond PVI are beneficial in this patient population and to explore the potential advantages of tailoring treatment to individual patient characteristics.