Genome analyses reveal diverse riverine genetic contributions to the
Lake Malawi cichlid radiation
Abstract
An increasing number of genomic studies are showing that genetic
introgression between closely related species is surprisingly common
across the tree of life, thus making the description of biodiversity and
understanding the process of speciation complex and challenging. The
adaptive radiation of cichlid fishes in Lake Malawi, with hybrid origins
and recent cases of introgression, provides an important model system to
study the evolutionary implications of introgression. However, many
potential sources of introgression into the radiation have not yet been
investigated. Here we use whole genome data from 239 cichlid species
from Lake Malawi and a comprehensive dataset of 76 species from
surrounding African river and lake systems to discover and map
previously unknown introgression events involving the Malawi cichlid
radiation. Using genome-wide excess allele sharing (ABBA BABA
statistics) and window-based analyses, we found that three independent
riverine cichlid lineages are significantly closer to the Malawi
radiation than to its sister group, suggesting historical genetic
exchange between these lineages and the Malawi radiation. Across Malawi
species, we found low variability in the levels of excess allele sharing
with non-Malawi species, suggesting that introgressed haplotypes are
distributed relatively uniformly across the radiation and that most
hybrid-derived polymorphism was acquired and sorted before the formation
of the contemporary Malawi cichlid radiation. Our results point towards
several previously unknown contributors to the Malawi hybrid swarm,
suggesting that the history of one of the largest vertebrate radiations
was even more complex than previously thought.