The use of biodegradable mulch films in agriculture has gained considerable attention for their potential to reduce plastic pollution and mitigate the carbon footprint of crop production. This study evaluated the impact of biodegradable mulch film on soil microbial community structure, greenhouse gas emissions, and physicochemical properties in maize production. The results show that while current biodegradable mulch films, primarily composed of petroleum-based PBAT, have a higher carbon footprint compared to conventional PE films, their application leads to significant reductions in N₂O emissions. Furthermore, biodegradable mulch films induce shifts in soil microbial communities, particularly affecting the abundance of genes involved in carbon and nitrogen cycling. The metagenomic analysis reveals that these shifts favor microbial species and metabolic pathways linked to carbon sequestration and stabilization, resulting in lower CO₂ emissions relative to no-mulch conditions. These findings underscore the importance of optimizing biodegradable mulch film composition to enhance environmental benefits, offering valuable insights for the development of sustainable agricultural practices and contributing to climate change mitigation through improved mulching alternatives.