In the process of social development, the medical field is confronted with severe challenges in resource integration and collaborative cooperation. Symbiosis theory offers a novel perspective; however, its application research lacks depth and systematicness. This paper reviews the current application status and progress of symbiosis theory in multiple fields. It revisits the fundamental concepts and key principles of symbiosis theory and summarizes the related research in aspects such as the construction of medical community, the integration model of sports and medicine, the symbiosis of medicine and education, the combination service of medical care and elderly care, and the integration of medical treatment and prevention. Moreover, it emphasizes the potential of symbiosis theory in enhancing system efficiency, strengthening response capabilities, and promoting sustainable development, with the aim of pointing out the direction for future research of medical staff in China and providing references for conducting relevant research.