Table 1 . Comparison between the results of linear mixed models
and of hierarchical partitioning in explaining the alien species
richness of plants and birds. The variables incorporated in the model
were the same as Dawson et al. (2017), but islands have been excluded
from the analyses here. Significant P values (P < 0.05) are bolded. *** indicates P < 0.001.
See the results for the other taxonomic groups in the Supporting
information. The marginal and conditional R 2for mixed models are given in parentheses; the equivalent “total” for
hierarchical partitioning is also given. GDPc: Gross Domestic Product
per capita, and HPD: Human Population Density.