Prominent grazing rates and feeding preferences of an abundant exotic
benthic herbivore in the Mediterranean Sea
Abstract
Exotic herbivores can exert profound impacts on terrestrial communities,
but their ecological effects on marine habitats are not sufficiently
quantified. The exotic crab Percnon gibbesi, which is rapidly spreading
throughout the Mediterranean Sea, grazes almost exclusively on benthic
macrophytes, providing an opportunity to study the potential impacts of
herbivores in the marine realm. Here, we first quantified the abundance
of P. gibbesi in Mallorca (Balearic Islands; Spain) in 2023 and reported
average densities of 67 individuals 100 m-2, approximately 33 times
greater than those recorded in 2003 on the islands. We then performed a
feeding preference experiment using common native and invasive species
of macroalgae (Caulerpa cylindracea, Halimeda incrassata, Haliptilon
virgatum, Halopteris scoparia, Padina pavonica and Ulva compressa) from
the Mediterranean Sea. The per capita grazing rates of P. gibbesi (3.83
± 1.71 WW g crab -1 day-1), which can ingest almost 75% of their body
weight daily, were higher than those recorded for most native
herbivorous species in the Mediterranean. The estimated daily grazing
rates for P. gibbesi average 23.98 ± 15.45 kg WW macroalgae ha-1 d-1,
value that corresponds with 0.2 to 9.1% (average 5.58%) of the total
macroalgae production in this area. Our experiment revealed clear
preferences of P. gibbesi for three species of macroalgae, which were
not explained by the nutritional content. Overall, our results generate
great concern and coupled with the large extent of the invasion,
indicate that the ecological impacts of this exotic herbivore on
Mediterranean marine communities could be substantial and, until now,
unreported.