The evolution of county-level land use has a significant impact on the sustainable development of regional ecological and economic systems. This study employs land use indicators and ecological-economic assessment methods to deeply analyze the impact of land use changes in Wulong District on the value of ecosystem services and socioeconomic output (GDP). The research findings indicate that from 2011 to 2020, land use in Wulong District primarily shifted towards forest land, urban and industrial land, and transportation land, with cultivated land and unused land being the main targets of conversion. By 2020, the ecosystem service value of the region had increased to 93.077 billion yuan, an increase of 6.468 billion yuan compared to 2011; among these, the ecosystem service values of forest land, cultivated land, and water bodies accounted for 98% of the total value, despite a decrease of 10.17% and 1.1% in the value of food production and waste processing services, respectively. The growth rate of per capita ecological service value reached 161.43%, while the growth rate of per capita GDP was 8.51%, showing that the diversity of ecosystem service value composition is lower than that of GDP composition. Looking forward, it is recommended to continue to strengthen and enhance the service functions of forest ecosystems, while also emphasizing the improvement of service functions of cultivated land and wetland ecosystems, in order to enhance the overall ecosystem service value and promote the harmonious development of ecological and economic systems.