The training process was performed on a computer with a 13th Gen Intel Core i9-13900k 3.00 GHz processor, augmented by an NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3080 and 128 GB RAM, taking approximately two days to complete. The trained YOLOX model detects, classifies, and creates a bounding box around the detected weed. The center of the predicted bounding box is then calculated for precise positioning and targeting by the robot’s laser arm (Figure 3b).