Whereas the development of pain research has promoted the application of novel analgesic medications and methods used in clinics, unrelieved chronic pain still exists at an epidemic level. Resveratrol, a naturally occurring phenolic compound found in a variety of foods and plants, has aroused great expectations as a promising alternative to pain relief. Although resveratrol exerts an analgesic effect by complicated mechanisms, this article reviews the specific processes through which it alleviates pain and discusses its potential molecular targets. We highlight eight important features of resveratrol: analgesic action due to the inhibition of neuroinflammation, antioxidant effects, induction of autophagy, reduction of endoplasmic reticulum stress, modulation of the serotonin system, restoration of the gut microbiota, regulation of the neuroendocrine system, and promotion of mitochondrial biogenesis. In conclusion, resveratrol, a natural medicine, offers a promising way to develop innovative analgesics.