In the current situation, social policy in many countries is aimed at supporting various categories of families in vulnerable situations. The article examines government support for large families in 15 post-soviet countries. In the 20th century in the Soviet Union most families were large ones. Nowdays families with small and medium number of children became a common family model. Post-Soviet states have been forming their own systems of state support for large families over the past 30 years. The article analyses approaches to establishing the consequences of large families in post-communist countries. A comparative analysis of government support measures for large families, which include monthly payments and social benefits, is provided. As a result of the comparative analysis, groups of countries were identified depending on whether special payments and benefits were established for large families, and they were differentiated by the number of children