This research presents a network-based simulation approach to model the impacts of species extinction and habitat loss on ecological networks, with a particular focus on the Amazon ecosystem. By constructing weighted directed networks that represent species interactions, we identify keystone species through centrality measures and assess their critical roles in maintaining ecosystem stability. Using community detection algorithms, we uncover the modular structure of these interactions, revealing key patterns of interdependence within the network. Novel simulations of environmental disturbances—such as habitat fragmentation, patch loss, and species migration—further explore how these disruptions affect network structure, biodiversity, and overall ecosystem resilience. The findings offer valuable insights into ecosystem vulnerability and provide actionable guidance for conservation strategies aimed at mitigating biodiversity loss in fragile ecosystems.

Evolutionary Game Theory (EGT) provides a fundamental framework for understanding population dynamics and strategic interactions in biological systems. However, traditional mathematical models often struggle to capture the complexities inherent in real-world evolutionary processes. In this research, we propose a novel agent-based simulation tool aimed at addressing these limitations. By incorporating diverse initial trait distributions, dynamic environmental pressures, spatial interactions, and population size changes, our simulation offers a comprehensive and realistic framework for studying evolutionary dynamics. Through simulations, we observe significant impacts on evolutionary outcomes, such as the emergence and persistence of adaptive strategies, the influence of environmental factors like temperature fluctuations, and the role of spatial interactions in shaping population dynamics. Our model represents a valuable contribution to the field of evolutionary dynamics, providing researchers with a powerful platform for exploring complex ecological interactions and evolutionary processes in biological populations.