A typical gastrointestinal and behavioral symptoms are hallmarks of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neuropsychiatric condition that affects children and adolescents. An important factor in the pathophysiology of ASD is the gut microbiome. The intensity of symptoms associated with autism spectrum disorder is thought to be influenced by neurodevelopmental impairment and gastrointestinal symptoms in people with ASD, which are thought to be caused by dysbiosis, or imbalance. In addition to discussing potential therapeutic approaches for treating autism spectrum disorders by modulating the gut-brain axis - which influences brain function through various mechanisms like neuroendocrine signaling, neuro-immune signaling, and bacterial metabolites—this review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the role of the gut microbial community in autism spectrum disorders.