[Abstract] Objective: To summarize the surgical indications, complication management and perioperative management of pulmonary mucormycosis in children .Methods: The diagnosis and treatment of 3 children with pulmonary mucormycosis in Wuhan Children’s Hospital from 2023 to 2024 were retrospectively analyzed, and the surgical indications of 3 children were summarized, and relevant literatures were reviewed. Results: All three cases were children with bone marrow suppression after chemotherapy, and neutrophils decreased significantly.Enhanced CT showed lung infection and necrosis, including occlusion of the left pulmonary artery in one case.Fiberoptic bronchoscopy and mNGS showed mucor mycosis infection and were treated with esaconazole or Posaconazole, but the improvement was not obvious.Three cases underwent surgery, one of which suffered massive bleeding after returning to ICU on the same day after surgery, and had thoracotomy for hemostasis again. Postoperative examination confirmed the pulmonary mucor infection.There was no re-infection in the lung during 6-12 months of follow-up. Conclusions: Mucor has strong invasion in blood vessels easily, bronchus and lung tissues, often leading to hemoptysis, airway obstruction, tissue necrosis, etc. While actively treating underlying diseases, if the lesions are relatively limited, surgery can be performed as soon as possible after evaluation by a multidisciplinary team, including local debridement, removal of infected tissues or organs, which has positive effects on infection control and reducing the duration of antifungal drug use.