Runoff generation and concentration are essential processes of the hydrological cycle. Understanding runoff generation patterns is crucial for improving the accuracy of hydrological forecasting and regional water resource assessment. This research aims to explore runoff generation mechanisms in the plains’ farmlands of North China and analyze the impact of wheat growth on runoff generation in typical slope farmland. Seven scenarios of experiments were designed on two soil tanks as the farm-sample of different slopes, which are 2° and 4° separated. These scenarios took into account local climate types, cropping structures, and slope by setting a uniform rainfall intensity of 60 mm/h through an artificial rainfall device located in Yongnian County, Hebei Province, China. These experiments were conducted, and the runoff generation process in different scenarios were observed from October 2019 to June 2021. Through the comparison of the observed runoff processes, the results indicate that surface runoff varies significantly, while interflow remains relatively stable. Vegetation cover has a greater impact than slope on runoff process. As winter wheat grew, the initial time of surface runoff was delayed, and runoff yield decreased, whereas the runoff generation of interflow exhibited the opposite trend. Under the same vegetation cover conditions, the increase in slope led to an advance in the T _Rs and an increase in runoff volume and peak value, while the interflow findings were inverse. The bare land in the winter wheat scenario has a significantly greater runoff volume, likely benefiting from the impact of the crop rotation system on soil characteristics in North China. The findings of this research provide insight into understanding runoff patterns in North China, reducing the uncertainty between runoff model parameters and watershed characteristics, and offering beneficial references for research and practice in related fields.