6.2.7 Ozonation
Ozone is a widely recognised and effective oxidant that can chemically
react with many natural and non-toxic molecules (Coca et al., 2016). The
reaction is caused by other oxidants such as hydroxyl radicals (HO•),
which are formed when ozone has side reactions with effluent organic
matter (EfOM) components such as phenols or amines (Rizzo et al., 2019).
Numerous studies have demonstrated that ozonation is highly effective in
removing personal care products and pharmaceuticals, with most of these
contaminants being successfully eliminated. It is important to
understand that ozone has a brief 1/2 life, and if its awareness
exceeds about 23%, it will become risky (Shen et al., 2019). Ozone
reveals selectivity, mainly targeting electron-wealthy rising
contaminants ECs with deprotonating amine action such as
sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, especially at low pH levels. In
assessment, hydroxyl radicals (HO•) are non-selective and highly
reactive, allowing them to attack a large spectrum of ECs, together with
those proof against ozone, mainly at higher pH degrees (Rizzo et al.,
2019; Gogoi et al., 2018; Barbosa et al., 2016; Sui et al.,2010) .