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    Water contamination through ECs is increasingly troublesome because of
enhanced urbanization, industrialization, and agricultural practices.
ECs are uncontrolled anthropogenic chemicals found primarily in airborne
contaminants, soil, water, food, and human/animal tissues. This category
includes a wide range of pollutants, consisting of pesticides,
pharmaceuticals, pills, cosmetics, personal care products, surfactants,
industrial chemical compounds, cleaning agents, food packaging
substances, metalloids, food additives, nanomaterials, microplastics,
rare earth elements and pathogens. The number one resources of ECs
include household discharges, industrial wastewater, agricultural
runoff, cattle and aquaculture operations, hospital effluents and
landfill leachates. These contaminants can persist in the environment
for prolonged intervals, inflicting adverse consequences to human
health, flora and fauna and ecosystems. To cope with the challenges
posed via ECs, numerous degradation and removal strategies have been
investigated, such as physical, chemical, and organic methods. This
review paper gives a comprehensive assessment of ECs, detailing their
sources, regulatory status, and identity technologies. It also evaluates
latest improvements in treatment technologies for EC elimination,
highlighting the effectiveness and barriers of different physical,
chemical, and biological strategies. By means of consolidating
cutting-edge research, this paper objectives to enhance knowledge of EC
management and offer insights into future studies to improve treatment
tactics and mitigate the dangerous effects of these contaminants.