2.2. Measures
The ABCD study used the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and
Schizophrenia- Lifetime Version (Kaufman et al., 1997) to assess mental
health diagnoses and symptoms in children. The K-SADS-PL is a highly
reliable semi-structured interview that assesses the manifestation of
past and present psychopathological disorders in children, according to
the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders
5th edition (DSM 5) criteria. These interviews were
administered both with the parent and the child, and a total score was
calculated. Of interest to this study were the syndromes relating to
mania/hypomania, depression, and anxiety.