2.3. Procedures
At baseline, 626 children with at least one first-degree relative who
was reported to have experienced mania problems were classified into the
at-risk group. This at-risk group was matched by sex and age to a
control group with no first-degree relatives with mania problems. Within
the at-risk group, participants were further divided into trauma and
no-trauma subgroups based on whether they had experienced at least one
of the nine interpersonal traumatic events according to the KSADS PTSD
measure (Figure 1). Consequently, 198 children were classified in the
trauma subgroup and 438 in the no-trauma subgroup. Due to missing data,
only 555 children from the at-risk group were included in the two-year
follow-up. At two-year follow-up, children who endorsed at least one
interpersonal traumatic event either at baseline or at the follow-up
were classified into the trauma subgroup, leading to 205 children in the
trauma subgroup and 350 in the no-trauma subgroup at follow-up. The
different traumatic events experienced by the children at baseline and
follow-up are shown in Figure 1 .
The KSADS-PL was used to assess whether participants experienced manic,
depressive, and/or anxious symptoms. Anxiety disorders of interest were
social anxiety disorder (SAD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
because all others (panic disorder (PD), agoraphobia, and separation
anxiety disorder) were not endorsed. The ABCD dataset included a summary
score of the different psychopathologies’ symptoms with a Boolean
scoring method. Scores were divided into ”past” and ”present” timepoints
indicating the time at which the KSADS-PL was administered within the
ABCD study. This study only included the “present” timepoint.