Avian influenza virus (AIV) remains a significant global threat, with periodic reemergence in Iraq. This study presents the first molecular characterization of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in seagulls. The H5N1 AIV was identified during outbreaks in 2024 at Dukan Lake in Sulaimani province. Phylogenetic analysis of the HA gene revealed that the Dukan Lake strain belongs to subclade 2.3.4.4b, clustering closely with Kazakhstan strains (A/mute swan/Mangystau and A/Arakol Lake) with DNA identities of 99.38% and 98.82%, respectively. Genetic analysis showed a polybasic amino acid cleavage site motif (PLREKRRKRGLF) in the HA gene. Additionally, receptor binding domain (RBD) analysis indicated a preference for the avian α-2, 3 SA receptor over the mammalian α-2, 6 SA receptor. The NA gene analysis revealed amino acid residues D199, I223, S247, and H275, which are susceptible to antiviral drugs. These findings demonstrate the genetic evolution of the H5N1 2024 Dukan Lake seagull strain, distinguishing it from other strains in Iraq. Rapid communication of virological and genetic data is essential for implementing customized preventative measures and enhancing public health awareness.