Continuous Kidney Replacement Therapy in Children with Sinusoidal
Obstruction Syndrome After Hematopoietic Cell Transplant: Outcome and
Liberation
Abstract
Background: Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), a serious
complication after hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT), is associated
with multi-organ dysfunction (MOD) and a high mortality rate. In severe
cases, continuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT) is initiated to
manage fluid overload (FO) and acute kidney injury. Studies that
evaluate the use of CKRT in this population are lacking. The aim of our
study was to assess the outcome of critically ill children with severe
SOS post HCT who received CKRT. We also sought to assess factors
associated with survival and liberation post CKRT. Procedure:
Retrospective review of all children admitted to the intensive care unit
(ICU) with SOS post HCT who received CKRT from January 2010 to August
2022. Results: Among the 53 children who received CKRT post
HCT, 13 had severe SOS. The median age was 6 years; 62% were males, and
most (77%) received allogeneic HCT. In this cohort, 92% required
respiratory support and 85% required vasopressor support. The ICU
survival rate was 62%. Survivors experienced lower cumulative FO on the
2 days following CKRT initiation (-4.2% in survivors versus -0.5% in
non-survivors, p=0.07). Higher urine output on D1 and D2 after
discontinuation of CKRT was associated with successful liberation.
Conclusions: In this study of post-HCT children with SOS and
MOD who received CKRT, 62% survived until ICU discharge. This survival
rate is encouraging as it approximates the survival rates of general
pediatric cohorts treated with CKRT. Reducing FO after initiation of
CKRT can improve survival in these children.