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Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation increases long-latency event-related potentials, but does not affect neural gating or alpha oscillations
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  • Valentina Jelinčić,
  • Martina D'Agostini,
  • Carlos Ventura Bort,
  • Loriss Cascio,
  • Ekaterina Gorianskaia,
  • Mathias Weymar,
  • Diana Torta,
  • Ilse Van Diest,
  • Andreas von Leupoldt
Valentina Jelinčić
KU Leuven

Corresponding Author:valentina.jelincic@kuleuven.be

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Martina D'Agostini
University of Southern California
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Carlos Ventura Bort
Universität Potsdam
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Loriss Cascio
KU Leuven
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Ekaterina Gorianskaia
KU Leuven
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Mathias Weymar
Universität Potsdam
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Diana Torta
KU Leuven
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Ilse Van Diest
KU Leuven
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Andreas von Leupoldt
KU Leuven
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Abstract

Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is a non-invasive technique stimulating vagal afferent fibers, showing promise in treating neurological and mental disorders. taVNS is believed to activate the locus coeruleus (LC), promoting noradrenergic activation (NA), which enhances arousal and attention. However, evidence for the LC-NA hypothesis is mixed, and investigations in different sensory modalities are lacking. This study investigated whether taVNS enhances standard NA markers along with neural processing in three sensory modalities (auditory, respiratory, and somatosensory). In a two-day Sham-controlled crossover protocol, 45 healthy adults received taVNS at the cymba concha and Sham stimulation at the earlobe. During stimulation, participants experienced paired auditory clicks, inspiratory occlusions and electrocutaneous stimuli, while EEG was acquired. Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) and subjective experienced arousal were measured at pre-/end-stimulation. Resting-state EEG was measured pre-/post-stimulation to assess alpha-band (8-13Hz) oscillation power, and participants rated the intensity and unpleasantness of all stimuli. Auditory-, respiratory-related-, and somatosensory evoked potentials were measured, specifically P50, N1, and P2 components, as well as the P50/N1 amplitude difference of the second and the first stimulus in the pair (neural gating; S2-S1). Although no effects in P50 or N1 amplitudes were observed, P2 amplitudes in auditory and somatosensory blocks increased during taVNS. Self-reported arousal increased in the taVNS condition, with no effects on neural gating, sAA concentration, or resting-state alpha power. taVNS had no effect on self-reported intensity/unpleasantness of stimuli. These results highlight certain limitations posed by combining taVNS and EEG, and underline the need for further mechanistic and clinical taVNS research.
13 Sep 2024Submitted to Psychophysiology
16 Sep 2024Submission Checks Completed
16 Sep 2024Assigned to Editor
16 Sep 2024Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
22 Sep 2024Reviewer(s) Assigned