In the future, solar energy systems are poised to play an increasingly critical role in addressing climate change, ensuring long-term energy sustainability, driving economic growth, and advancing the sustainable development of countries. This study presents a comprehensive life cycle assessment of installed photovoltaic (PV) systems in Somalia, aligned with economic growth and net-zero carbon emission targets. The evaluation examines the operational conditions across six different locations within the country. Additionally, a comparative analysis is conducted to evaluate the electrical, techno-economic, and environmental impacts of PV systems across these locations. The assessment further incorporates the degradation of PV systems over their life cycle and evaluates the effects of integrating various types of batteries, including Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid (VRLA), Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP-G), Nickel-Metal Hydride (AB2 and AB5), Nickel-Cadmium (NiCd), Sodium-Sulfur (NaS), and Lithium-Sulfur (LiS). The results indicate that the average electrical output for PV systems in Somalia is approximately 182.49 MWh over their life cycle, with a degradation loss of 1,214.88 kWh and an average payback period of 5.98 years. Furthermore, the average net present cost and levelized cost of electricity were found to be $106,106.7 and $0.194/kWh, respectively. Environmentally, the installed PV systems emit approximately 28.74 tons of CO2 over their life cycle, equivalent to 125 gCO2/kWh produced. The findings also reveal that the integration of batteries increases carbon emissions, with the extent of emissions being dependent on the battery material type. Overall, this study provides a robust scientific framework for future research on PV applications worldwide, particularly in Somalia.