Human Discrimination is one of the major problems all over the world. It causes problems of unequal educational, social, political, and economic growth. In India, caste-based discrimination is one of the major problems. Due to caste discrimination practices, people belonging to Scheduled Caste (SC), Scheduled Tribe (ST), and Other Backward Classes (OBC) were treated unequally and were deprived of growth for many years. This created unequal growth opportunities for people of SC, ST, and OBC. The ”caste-based reservation policy” has effectively managed the imbalance brought about by caste-based discrimination. It has provided opportunities for growth to the discriminated people. Many people criticize the caste-based reservation policy, and there have been debates for its abolition. This paper studies the problem of caste discrimination, its impact on society, discrimination practices, the Reservation Policy, and its effects on improving the conditions of discriminated people in India. This research paper will definitely educate the people who blindly criticize the reservation policy. Affirmative actions like reservation can improve the conditions of many discriminated people globally.