A new type of open rib bridge deck with ”L ribs-apple holes in the diaphragm” has been proposed(L-OSD). A full-scale model fatigue test was conducted on the details of rib-to-deck connection between the diaphragms, and compared with the double-sided welded U-rib deck(U-OSD). A total of 4.5 million loading cycles were carried out. The weld toe of the inner side of the longitudinal rib of the U-OSD produced fatigue cracks firstly. The equivalent stress amplitude is 74 MPa, and the fatigue life is 0.04 billion cycles. The details of the rib-to-deck connection of the L-OSD are uncracked, and the fatigue life is more than 0.12 billion cycles. Fatigue cracks were produced in the tensile zone of the bottom of the deck under the loading points of the two models and the negative bending moment zone of the U-OSD. The equivalent stress amplitude exceeds 140 MPa, and the fatigue life outweighs 0.1 billion cycles. The test results show that the fatigue resisitance of L-OSD is better than U-OSD.