Discussion
Snakebite can present with a myriad of local and systemic complications depending on the nature of the toxin injected and can be either hematological or neurological. The toxins and enzymes in the venom include hydrolase, arginine, and esterase which leads to hypercoagulation added upon by hypovolemia, toxic vasculitis, and consumption coagulopathy (DIC) [2]. Any inherent deficiency of protein C, protein S, and antithrombin III can manifest as excessive bleeding. Viperidae snake venom contains hemorrhagins which may result in severe vascular spasm, endothelial damage, and increased vascular permeability via complement-mediated activation, leading to vascular occlusions throughout the body [4], [5]. Ocular disturbances resulting from snakebite, are rare and can range from, subconjunctival hemorrhage, hyphema, ptosis, ophthalmoplegia, keratomalacia, uveitis, central retinal artery occlusion, optic neuritis, macular infarction, vitreous hemorrhages, tractional retinal detachment, globe necrosis to cortical infarction [2], [3], [4]. Our patient is the first reported case of an isolated unilateral subhyaloid hemorrhage following a snake bite. Spontaneous reabsorption of the hemorrhage may occur in 1–2 months, but during this time the dispersion of this blood leads to hazy vitreous, formation of preretinal tractional membrane, and proliferative vitreoretinopathy which may irreversibly damage the retina and cause permanent visual loss, hence laser photocoagulation or a laser hyaloidotomy can be done, as done in the index case [6], [7].