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\title{Geostationary interferometric SAR: orbit design and control
implementation}



\author[1]{Matteo Monti}%
\author[1]{Andrea Monti Guarnieri}%
\author[1]{Francesca Pelliccia}%
\author[1]{Alfredo Renga}%
\affil[1]{Affiliation not available}%


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  \date{April 27, 2026}


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\begin{abstract}
The Geostationary Synthetic Aperture Radar (GEO-SAR) concept aims at
defining an Earth Observation system able to provide regional coverage
with large swaths and subcontinental access with a very short revisit
time by exploiting the unique characteristics of the GEO orbit. These
peculiar characteristics make GEO-SAR suitable for imaging and
interferometry of fast-evolving large-scale phenomena, such as ground
motion or water vapor. The design of the orbit for a GEO-SAR is
discussed to provide, at one time, wide imaging capability, compensation
for the huge power loss due to the distance, and short interferometric
revisit. In particular, interferometry imposes constraints on the
repeatability of the orbit that are far more restrictive than the
control required for telecommunication satellites. Here, two different
specific control approaches are proposed to ensure small normal
baselines and to maximize angular band overlap between subsequent
acquisitions. The first one is based on four control maneuvers per orbit
period that exploits tangential, normal, and radial burns, whereas the
second one is based on three daily maneuvers that are performed only in
tangential and normal directions. The latter assures accurate motion
repetition while saving the required propellant mass.%
\end{abstract}%



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