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\title{Impacts of Grid-Forming Inverters on Distance Protection}



\author[1]{Henrik Johansson}%
\author[1]{Qianli Xing}%
\author[1]{Nathaniel Taylor}%
\author[1]{Xiongfei Wang}%
\affil[1]{KTH Royal Institute of Technology}%


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  \date{April 25, 2026}


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\begin{abstract}
javascript:void(0) Grid-forming (GFM) inverters are anticipated to play
an essential role in facilitating the integration of renewable energy in
bulk power systems. The fault-ride through (FRT) of GFM inverters and
its impact on traditional protection schemes is an ongoing research
topic. Distance protection is today one of the most commonly applied
protection schemes and depends on multiple system preconditions for
reliable operation --- many of which may no longer hold in systems with
a high penetration of inverters. This paper investigates the impacts of
GFM inverters on distance protection, with the main objective to provide
an improved understanding of the topic. Important interoperability
issues are highlighted with simulation results and elaborated upon based
on the theory behind the distance relay model and the behaviors of GFM
inverters during faults. The simulations consider numerous fault types
and two GFM inverters employing different current-limiting control
techniques in their FRT strategies.%
\end{abstract}%



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\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`Henrik_DPSP2024_extended_IET_GTD.7z`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/827714/articles/1222266-impacts-of-grid-forming-inverters-on-distance-protection}

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