The study focused on thread damage, kinetic analysis, and the analysis of the looseness curves of the bolts. Experimental results show that fatigue and abrasive wear are the dominant wear mechanisms observed on the thread contact surface. A quantitative analysis of rotation angle and eccentricity shows that the loosening process of the bolt joint structure can be divided into the following three stages: the rapid decline stage of axial force, the slow decline stage, and the rapid decline stage. The first-stage looseness was found to be minimally affected by the rotation angle, whereas the second-stage looseness exhibited sensitivity to the combined influence of eccentric distance and angle.