Supporting Figures
Figure S1. A county-level map of Minnesota and western
Wisconsin showing where leaf tissue samples of the Northern Wild Rice
(NWR; Zizania palustris L.) diversity collection were collected
and highlighting counties with significant production of cultivated NWR.
Colors and shapes correspond to those featured in the principal
component analysis (PCA) plots (Figure 2a-b).
Figure S2. Principal coordinate (PCo) analysis (PCoA) showing
the differentiation of the 1st and
3rd PCos of the Natural Stand and Cultivated
collections of Northern Wild Rice (NWR; Zizania palustris L.).
Figure S3. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic
averaging (UPGMA) cluster analysis with bootstrapping of the Natural
Stands and Cultivated collections of Northern Wild Rice (NWR;Zizania palustris L.).
Figure S4. Population structure analysis of Northern Wild Rice
(NWR; Zizania palustris L.) Natural Stand and Cultivated
collections using the program STRUCTURE with 10,000 reps and a burn-in
length of 1,000 for K=5 , 10 , and 14 .
Figure S5. A plot from STRUCTURE HARVESTER performed with the
Evanno method based on 5,955 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)
markers generated via genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) using the diversity
collection of Northern Wild Rice (NWR; Zizania palustris L.)
Figure S6. A Mantel test plot showing the correlation between
geographic distance (x-axis) and genetic distance (y-axis) for the
Natural Stand collection of Northern Wild Rice (NWR; Zizania
palustris L.). The regression line, y = 0.1 + 0.0002x, was also
plotted.
Figure S7. A histogram of the frequency of simulated
correlation tests resulting from permutation testing for the Mantel test
analysis of the Natural Stand collection of Northern Wild Rice (NWR;Zizania palustris ). The black diamond with a vertical line
beneath it shows the actual correlation value from the Mantel (Figure
S4) test using real data. This signifies that results are unlikely to
have been reached by chance.
Figure S8. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic
averaging (UPGMA) cluster analysis with bootstrapping of the Temporal
collection of Northern Wild Rice (NWR; Zizania palustris L.).