Supporting Figures
Figure S1. A county-level map of Minnesota and western Wisconsin showing where leaf tissue samples of the Northern Wild Rice (NWR; Zizania palustris L.) diversity collection were collected and highlighting counties with significant production of cultivated NWR. Colors and shapes correspond to those featured in the principal component analysis (PCA) plots (Figure 2a-b).
Figure S2. Principal coordinate (PCo) analysis (PCoA) showing the differentiation of the 1st and 3rd PCos of the Natural Stand and Cultivated collections of Northern Wild Rice (NWR; Zizania palustris L.).
Figure S3. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averaging (UPGMA) cluster analysis with bootstrapping of the Natural Stands and Cultivated collections of Northern Wild Rice (NWR;Zizania palustris L.).
Figure S4. Population structure analysis of Northern Wild Rice (NWR; Zizania palustris L.) Natural Stand and Cultivated collections using the program STRUCTURE with 10,000 reps and a burn-in length of 1,000 for K=5 , 10 , and 14 .
Figure S5. A plot from STRUCTURE HARVESTER performed with the Evanno method based on 5,955 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers generated via genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) using the diversity collection of Northern Wild Rice (NWR; Zizania palustris L.)
Figure S6. A Mantel test plot showing the correlation between geographic distance (x-axis) and genetic distance (y-axis) for the Natural Stand collection of Northern Wild Rice (NWR; Zizania palustris L.). The regression line, y = 0.1 + 0.0002x, was also plotted.
Figure S7. A histogram of the frequency of simulated correlation tests resulting from permutation testing for the Mantel test analysis of the Natural Stand collection of Northern Wild Rice (NWR;Zizania palustris ). The black diamond with a vertical line beneath it shows the actual correlation value from the Mantel (Figure S4) test using real data. This signifies that results are unlikely to have been reached by chance.
Figure S8. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averaging (UPGMA) cluster analysis with bootstrapping of the Temporal collection of Northern Wild Rice (NWR; Zizania palustris L.).