Exploring Group Differences in Attenuated Symptoms and Functioning
Between Clinical High Risk Individuals With and Without Posttraumatic
Stress Disorder
Abstract
Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common
comorbid diagnosis in psychotic disorders. However, little is known
about the effect of comorbid PTSD in youth at clinical high risk (CHR)
for psychosis. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to
investigate group differences in symptom severity, risk for psychotic
conversion, and functioning among youth at CHR for psychosis with and
without PTSD. Methods: This longitudinal study utilized data from
N = 693 individuals who met criteria for CHR as part of the North
American Prodrome Longitudinal Study 3 (NAPLS-3). Individuals who met
criteria for PTSD were compared to those who did not meet criteria for
PTSD on demographic, symptom and functional variables. Results:
Individuals diagnosed with PTSD (N=54) reported more severe overall
positive symptoms (p<0.001), negative symptoms (p<0.01),
and general symptoms (p<0.001) compared to those without the
diagnosis (N=639). These symptom differences were primarily accounted
for by more grandiose (p<0.01) and perceptual symptoms
(p<0.04), decreased experience of emotions (p<0.01) and
occupational functioning (p<0.03), sleep disturbance
(p<0.01), dysphoric mood (p<0.002) and impaired
tolerance to stress (p<0.001) in those with PTSD. A diagnosis of
PTSD was not associated with a greater rate of psychotic conversion or
greater functional deficits. Conclusions: Our findings suggest
that a diagnosis of PTSD is associated with more severe overlapping
symptoms in individuals meeting the criteria for CHR but not psychotic
conversion. Our findings underscore the importance of recognizing and
treating comorbid psychiatric conditions including PTSD in CHR
populations as a means of reducing symptoms and improving outcome.