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Unusual G9P[4] rotavirus emerged after the dynamic changes in rotavirus genotypes from equine-like G3 to typical human G1/G3 in Indonesia
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  • Zayyin Dinana,
  • Yen Hai Doan,
  • Aussie Tahta Maharani,
  • Anisa Lailatul Fitria,
  • Laura Navika Yamani,
  • * Juniastuti,
  • Rury Mega Wahyuni,
  • Soegeng Soegijanto,
  • Soetjipto Soetjipto,
  • Takako Utsumi,
  • Chieko Matsui,
  • Lin Deng,
  • Nobuhiro Takemae,
  • Tsutomu Kageyama,
  • Kazuhiko Katayama,
  • Maria Inge Lusida,
  • Ikuo Shoji
Zayyin Dinana
Universitas Airlangga Institute of Tropical Disease
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Yen Hai Doan
Kokuritsu Kansensho Kenkyujo Murayama Chosha
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Aussie Tahta Maharani
Universitas Airlangga Institute of Tropical Disease
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Anisa Lailatul Fitria
Universitas Airlangga Institute of Tropical Disease
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Laura Navika Yamani
Universitas Airlangga Institute of Tropical Disease
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* Juniastuti
Universitas Airlangga Institute of Tropical Disease
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Rury Mega Wahyuni
Universitas Airlangga Institute of Tropical Disease
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Soegeng Soegijanto
Universitas Airlangga Institute of Tropical Disease
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Soetjipto Soetjipto
Universitas Airlangga Institute of Tropical Disease
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Takako Utsumi
Kobe Daigaku Daigakuin Igakukei Kenkyuka Igakubu Kansensho Center Kansen Seigyogaku Bunya
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Chieko Matsui
Kobe Daigaku Daigakuin Igakukei Kenkyuka Igakubu Kansensho Center Kansen Seigyogaku Bunya
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Lin Deng
Kobe Daigaku Daigakuin Igakukei Kenkyuka Igakubu Kansensho Center Kansen Seigyogaku Bunya
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Nobuhiro Takemae
Kokuritsu Kansensho Kenkyujo Murayama Chosha
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Tsutomu Kageyama
Kokuritsu Kansensho Kenkyujo Murayama Chosha
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Kazuhiko Katayama
Kitasato Daigaku Kansen Seigyo Kenkyu Kiko
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Maria Inge Lusida
Universitas Airlangga Institute of Tropical Disease
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Ikuo Shoji
Kobe Daigaku Daigakuin Igakukei Kenkyuka Igakubu Kansensho Center Kansen Seigyogaku Bunya

Corresponding Author:ishoji@med.kobe-u.ac.jp

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Abstract

Background: Inter-genogroup reassortment of Rotavirus A (RVA) strains has highlighted the spread of unusual RVA strains worldwide. We previously reported the equine-like G3 RVA as predominant strains in Indonesia in 2015-2016. However, since July 2017, typical human genotypes G1 and G3 have replaced these strains completely. To understand how dynamic changes in RVA occur in Indonesia, we performed a detailed epidemiological study. Main body: A total of 356 stool specimens were collected from hospitalized children in Sidoarjo, Indonesia between 2018 and 2022. Whole-genome sequencing was performed for all 26 RVA-positive samples using next-generation sequencing. Twenty-four samples were determined to be the unusual RVA G9P[4], while 2 were G9P[6]. Detailed analysis revealed that seven G9P[4] strains had the typical DS-1-like backbone, while the other strains exhibited a double-reassortant profile (G9-N1) on the DS-1-like backbone. The Bayesian evolutionary analyses suggested that the Indonesian G9P[4] strains share a common ancestor with previously reported G9P[4] strains in the VP7 and VP4 genes. Conclusions: G9P[4] DS-1-like strains were identified as the predominant genotype in Indonesia in 2021 for the first time. These results suggest that the G9P[4] strains were generated from the previous G9P[4] strains that had undergone further intra-reassortments with the other circulating strains.
13 Aug 2024Submitted to Journal of Medical Virology
14 Aug 2024Submission Checks Completed
14 Aug 2024Assigned to Editor
14 Aug 2024Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
20 Aug 2024Reviewer(s) Assigned
14 Sep 2024Editorial Decision: Revise Major
31 Oct 20241st Revision Received
01 Nov 2024Submission Checks Completed
01 Nov 2024Assigned to Editor
01 Nov 2024Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
04 Nov 2024Reviewer(s) Assigned