Assessing Thermal Inactivation Kinetics of Pathogenic Bacteria in Fish
Cell Media for Cultivated Meat Applications
Abstract
Upstream materials for media formulations are often identified as
potential sources of contamination by microorganisms in cellular
agriculture. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the thermal
tolerance of foodborne pathogens cultured in L-15 with varying FBS
concentrations (0%, 2%, and 10%) at 36°C, subjecting the media
formulations to thermal treatments at 55, 60, 65, 70, and 75°C. The
highest thermal inactivation gradients for bacteria were observed in
media containing 10% FBS, suggesting that the presence of 10% FBS
plays a significant role in increasing bacterial susceptibility to
thermal treatment. Escherichia coli cultured in 10% FBS and subjected
to 55°C exhibited the highest D-value compared to those cultured in 0%
and 2% FBS. However, Salmonella cultured in 10% FBS showed opposite
trends with the lowest D-value. Among the Gram-positive and
Gram-negative bacteria evaluated, E. coli exhibited the highest z-value
across all tested media, signifying its exceptional thermal tolerance
compared to the other bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and
Salmonella) had decreasing z-values with higher FBS, while Gram-positive
bacteria (Listeria and Staphylococcus) showed opposite trends. This
study establishes that bacterial response to serum concentrations
significantly impacts thermal treatments in cell culture-based food
processing and storage. Additionally, the impact of thermally treated
samples on cell performance showed no significant difference in cell
metabolic activities between control (unpasteurized media) and media
pasteurized at 55°C for 75.24 minutes. However, increasing temperature
significantly reduced cell metabolic activities, with the lowest
metabolic activities observed in cells grown in media heated to 75°C for
0.54 min.