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    Landscape structure is a significant factor in ecological integrity,
sustainable land management, and policy making. Assessing landscape
structure is therefore critical for understanding its current state and
providing support for its protection. Consequently, the current study
was carried out in the Melokoza district, which includes a variety of
land uses/covers, to investigate the spatial layout of the landscape
structure at various scales using landscape metrics. Landsat photos were
used to assess land use/cover types, and landscape indices were
generated to characterize the landscape structure by employing the
FRAGSTATS software. The study area’s landscape is distinguished by a
progressive increase in values of all the landscape metrics related to
agriculture and settlement, including patch number (73 and 70), total
area (42.877 and 33.169 ha), patch density (9023.17 and 8652.35 ha),
largest patch index (4855.56 and 3566.67 ha), Shannon Diversity Index
(8.6474 and 11.52), and Shannon evenness index (12.11 and 15.15).
Conversely, the values among all the landscape metrics related to bare
land, forest, and shrub land were declined. These declined metrics
included patch number (3, 5 and 3), total area (1.62, 2.43 and 0.81 ha),
patch density (370.82, 618.03 and 370.82 ha), largest patch index
(177.78, 266.67 and 77.78 ha), Shannon Diversity Index (0.53, 0.88 and
0.68), and Shannon evenness index (0.76, 1.27 and 0.62). In light of
these findings, significant losses in forests, shrub lands, and barren
areas combined with widespread farming and populated areas have caused
previously unheard-of fragmentation levels of the landscape. Given the
growing population in the area, it is likely that this fragmentation
tendency will continue. This requires scientific-based knowledge and the
participation of the local community and stakeholders in conservation
and restoration.