Objectives: Malignancy diagnosis and treatments, such as chemotherapy and transplantation processes, cause psychological stress for most of the patients. During the diagnosis and transplantation period, the possibility of an unfavorable outcome and the anticipated adverse effects of treatment are the major sources of stress and negatively affect the psychological status of the patients. It has been shown that physical and psychological status and stress prior to HSCT are closely related to treatment success. The present study was designed to investigate the possible negative effects of depression and anxiety on neutrophil and platelet engraftments in multiple myeloma patients who underwent autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation. Materials and Methods: Fifty-two patients completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) before HSCT. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of depression or not. The neutrophil and platelet engraftment days of the patients with and without significant depressive symptoms were compared with Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The neutrophil engraftment was significantly delayed in patients with significant depressive symptoms (p=0.043). There was no difference in terms of the sociodemographic characteristics and treatment variables between the patients with or without significant depressive symptoms. Conclusion: The results of this study may support the presence of the effect of the prior psychological status on HSCT outcomes and also support the widely held belief that the central nervous system (CNS) is effective on the immune system.