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\title{Field analysis of directionality measurement with Inverter based
resources in India}



\author[1]{ASHOKA SHYAMA PRASAD Vishalakshi Krishna}%
\author[2]{Vittal K P}%
\author[3]{Praveen AN}%
\author[4]{O. D. Naidu}%
\affil[1]{Hitachi Energy Sweden AB}%
\affil[2]{NITK Surathkal}%
\affil[3]{Hitachi Energy LLC}%
\affil[4]{Hitachi Energy Technology Services Ltd}%


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  \date{April 25, 2026}


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\begin{abstract}
Power system protection has evolved over decades. A step change occurred
when communication aspects were introduced as part of IEC 61850 during
the late nineties. Renewable energy penetration into power network
especially into high voltage levels has been yet another big step.
Protection engineers are facing challenges with traditional relay
algorithms and the way relays are set in the substation. The primary
reason could be attributed to the characteristics of renewable source
which differ from the characteristics of traditional grid in many ways.
Studies and field analysis are on-going, and engineers are continuously
striving to optimize relay design, practices, as well as settings
considering the aspects related to inverter design. The detection of
directionality in distance relay and response for various type of system
faults is a key area to be considered. The objective of this paper is to
analyze the performance of directional elements in a distance protection
for a DER (Distributed Energy Resource) connected system in India. In
addition, the aim is to understand the gaps from existing research to
the behaviors of the current directional protections which would help in
identifying mechanisms to ascertain directionality for similar systems
in the future.%
\end{abstract}%



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