4 | DISCUSSION
Thermal ablation methods have the potential for adjacent tissue damage.1 New energy sources have been developed to address these issues. Despite the promising results in terms of efficacy and safety of PVI with PFA in paroxysmal AF,7,8 the PVI-only strategy may be insufficient for PeAF. Only a few studies have demonstrated that PFA was a feasible and safe ablation approach for part linear ablation in addition to PVI in PeAF patients.11,12 Our study sought to evaluate a comprehensive ablation strategy involving PVI, LAPW isolation, CTI block, and MI block, with rigorous follow-up monitoring. The key finding of the present study is that PFA, under the guidance of a 3-dimensional mapping system, is effective and safe for PVI, linear block, and posterior wall isolation, but the long-term durability of PFA lesions is unsatisfying.