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Anthropometric and physiological measures in individuals with at-risk mental state (ARMS) compared with individuals with schizophrenia: findings from a lower middle-income country
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  • M Omair Husain,
  • Mueen Abid,
  • Maryam Riaz,
  • Ahmed F,
  • Suleman Shakoor,
  • Steven Lane,
  • Nusrat Husain,
  • George Foussias,
  • Inti Qurashi,
  • Imran Chaudhry
M Omair Husain
Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute

Corresponding Author:omair.husain@camh.ca

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Mueen Abid
Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning
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Maryam Riaz
Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning
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Ahmed F
Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute
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Suleman Shakoor
Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning
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Steven Lane
University of Liverpool School of Medicine
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Nusrat Husain
Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust
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George Foussias
Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute
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Inti Qurashi
The University of Manchester Division of Psychology and Mental Health
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Imran Chaudhry
Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning
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Abstract

Background: Individuals with psychosis have reduced life expectancy and this is largely driven by cardiometabolic disease. Cardiometabolic risk increases with age and duration of psychotic illness. Anthropometric and physiologic abnormalities have been identified among individuals with at-risk mental state (ARMS) for psychosis. The prevalence of cardiometabolic disease is disproportionately higher in lower middle-income countries (LMIC); however, literature on cardiometabolic disease in individuals with psychosis spectrum disorders in LMIC is scarce. Method: This is a cross-sectional secondary analysis of data from two large randomised controlled trials that recruited individuals with ARMS (n=326) and schizophrenia (SCZ; n=303) from inpatient and outpatient settings in Pakistan. All participants completed anthropometric and physiological assessments. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in BMI between groups, 21.42 (SD=4.11) in ARMS and 23.31 (SD=5.41) in the SCZ group (p=0.001). Although mean values were within the normal range, 17.8% (n=58) of ARMS individuals and 33.1% (n= 100) SCZ individuals were overweight or obese. Waist circumference was 32.75in (SD=3.13) in the ARMS group and 32.16in (SD=5.18) in SCZ. Although waist circumference was higher in ARMS, this was not statistically or clinically significant. The pulse rate and blood pressure in both groups were within normal range. Conclusion: We found evidence of abnormal anthropometric and physiological parameters that would indicate that individuals with psychotic-spectrum disorders in Pakistan are at an elevated cardiometabolic risk.
Submitted to Early Intervention in Psychiatry
10 Feb 2024Reviewer(s) Assigned
01 Jul 2024Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
02 Jul 2024Editorial Decision: Revise Major
09 Aug 20241st Revision Received
09 Aug 2024Submission Checks Completed
09 Aug 2024Assigned to Editor
09 Aug 2024Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
09 Aug 2024Reviewer(s) Assigned