Abstract
Soil moisture is a fundamental climate variable sustaining the
terrestrial biosphere. Whereas flood-recharged soil moisture (FRSM) is
an important input flux in semi-arid floodplain ecosystems, its
spatio-temporal dynamics is not fully understood due to lack of adequate
field data. While existing active remotely sensing data are valuable to
understand soil moisture, a trade-off between high temporal against
coarse spatial resolutions limit their utility at local scales. In this
study, we extracted linear backscatter coefficient sigma
nought (σ 0) and time series data from 91
pre-processed 10 m multi-temporal dual Sentinel-1 images. The data was
collected from both inside and outside the flooded zone in a semi-arid
area in northern Zimbabwe. To characterize FRSM anomaly, lag and memory,
we built a hybrid deep learning long short-term memory autoencoder
(LSTMAE) model based on a recent flood event which was subsequently
evaluated using mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean squared error
(RMSE) loss metrics using an independent validation dataset. Validation
results showed that both VV and VH-polarized data effectively detected
FRSM positive anomaly with very small MAE (0.0799σ 0;
0.0191σ 0) and small RMSE (0.0967σ 0,
0.0250σ 0) respectively. In the flood zone, the LSTMAE
model detected three positive anomalies for both polarizations. Also,
our study established that the VV LSTMAE model was effective in
detecting subtle positive anomalies while VH depicted the longest lag
and memory at a local scale. The study concludes that the extraction of
σ 0 on Sentinel-1 time series data offers a good
understanding of localised FRSM characteristics within semi-arid
floodplains.