Applying change models and methods during a period of vast digital
transformation: A systematic review of practice in healthcare
Abstract
Introduction: Reflection and learning about the use of virtual
care in healthcare delivery has become a central goal for health systems
internationally. Insights drawn in the aftermath of the COVID-19
pandemic have led to vast changes to embed virtual care in health care
delivery. This study explored the methodologies used to manage change
that encompasses virtual care and factors contributing to success.
Methods: A systematic review and narrative synthesis was
undertaken. Eligible articles were those reporting structured change
management processes in the context of virtual care published between 1
st January 2019 –31 st December
2023, identified by searching four electronic databases (Scopus,
MedLine, PsycInfo and Business Source Premier). Data were extracted and
synthesised from the eligible studies. Results: A total of 17
articles were included; studies focused on changes occurring within
hospital settings and in community health centres, often within a single
organisational unit, institution, or hospital network. Studies described
using various methodologies for managing change during the introduction
of large digital systems, embedding new digital tools, the introduction
of new technologies and workflow or process design changes resulting
from virtual care. Discussion: Structured change methodologies
were often integrated in a strategic change framework with process
improvement methods utilised to support the change process. Managing
change relating to the technology with attention to the clinical and
people aspects of change was considered a key gap and challenge in the
context of virtual care change. Change leadership and the integration of
technical and clinical teams were identified as key enablers.