An efficient thick electrode design with artificial porous structure and
gradient particle arrangement for lithium-ion batteries
Abstract
Thick electrode, with its feasibility and cost-effectiveness, has
attracted significant attention as a promising approach to maximize the
energy density of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Through raising the mass
loading of active materials without altering the fundamental chemical
attributes, thick electrodes can boost the energy density of the
batteries effectively. Nevertheless, as the thickness of the electrode
increases, the ionic conductivity of the electrode decreases, leading to
abominable polarization in the thickness direction, which severely
hampers the practical application of a thick electrode. This work
proposes a novel porous gradient design of high-performance thick
electrodes for LIBs. By constructing a porous structure that serves as a
fast transport pathway for lithium (Li) ions, the ion transport kinetics
within thick electrodes are significantly enhanced. Meanwhile, a
particle size gradient design is incorporated to further mitigate
polarization effects within the electrode, leading to substantial
improvements in reaction homogeneity and material utilization. Employing
this strategy, we have fabricated a porous gradient
nanocellulose-carbon-nanotube based thick electrode, which exhibits an
impressive capacity retention of 86.7% at a high mass loading of LiCoO2
(LCO) active material (20 mg cm⁻²) and a high current density of 5 mA
cm⁻².