Figure 2. Provenance differences in leaf-to-air temperature differences (∆T) of four tropical tree species grown under common environmental conditions. Panels show ΔT calculated using (a) observed leaf temperatures ∆Tleaf, (b) observed canopy temperatures ∆Tcan, (c) and trait modelling ∆Tmod. Ca = Castanospermum australe, Hn = Homalanthus novo-guineensis, Me= Melicope elleryana, and Tm =Terminalia microcarpa . Data is of tree averages (n =6) presented as a box and whisker plots showing median and interquartile range, with the average marked by ×. Results of intraspecific provenance differences indicated by subscript ns=not significant, + is marginally significant at p < 0.1, * p < 0.05, **p < 0.001, and *** p < 0.0001. Note that for panels a) and c) statistical analysis is based on unpaired t.test on the plant-level means, whereas for panel b) statistical analysis is based on mixed effects model including random effects of doy and individual plant, conducted on the individual leaf temperatures.