References:
  1. Dec W. (2006). A meta-analysis of success rates for digit replantation. Techniques in hand & upper extremity surgery,10(3), 124–129. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.bth.0000225005.64605.17
  2. Maruccia, M., Fatigato, G., Elia, R., Ragusa, L. A., Vestita, M. G., Nacchiero, E., Robusto, F., Nicoli, F., Pedro Ciudad, & Giudice, G. (2020). Microvascular coupler device versus hand-sewn venous anastomosis: A systematic review of the literature and data meta-analysis. Microsurgery, 40(5), 608–617. https://doi.org/10.1002/micr.30585
  3. Ahmedov, A., , . F. K. & Aksoy, . A. (2021) Effect of papaverin in vessel diameter of Tamai zone I amputations. Hand and Microsurgery, 10 (3), 241-247. doi:10.5455/handmicrosurg.109438
  4. Ono, S., & Chung, K. C. (2019). Efficiency in Digital and Hand Replantation. Clinics in plastic surgery, 46(3), 359–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cps.2019.03.002
  5. Shaterian, A., Rajaii, R., Kanack, M., Evans, G. R. D., & Leis, A. (2018). Predictors of Digit Survival following Replantation: Quantitative Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of hand and microsurgery, 10(2), 66–73. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1626689
  6. Camara, O., Herrmann, J., Egbe, A., Koch, I., Gajda, M., & Runnebaum, I. B. (2009). Venous coupler for free-flap anastomosis.Anticancer research, 29(7), 2827–2830.
  7. Ricci, J. A., Koolen, P. G., Shah, J., Tobias, A. M., Lee, B. T., & Lin, S. J. (2016). Comparing the Outcomes of Different Agents to Treat Vasospasm at Microsurgical Anastomosis during the Papaverine Shortage.Plastic and reconstructive surgery, 138(3), 401e–408e. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000002430
  8. Hocking, K. M., Putumbaka, G., Wise, E. S., Cheung-Flynn, J., Brophy, C. M., & Komalavilas, P. (2016). Papaverine Prevents Vasospasm by Regulation of Myosin Light Chain Phosphorylation and Actin Polymerization in Human Saphenous Vein. PloS one, 11(5), e0154460. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0154460
  9. Liu JK, Couldwell WT. Intra-arterial papaverine infusions for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm induced by aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care 2005;2:124–132.
  10. Kim ED, el-Rashidy R, McVary KT. Papaverine topical gel for treatment of erectile dysfunction. J Urol. 1995;153:361–365.
  11. Takeuchi K, Sakamoto S, Nagayoshi Y, Nishizawa H, Matsubara J. Reactivity of the human internal thoracic artery to vasodilators in coronary artery bypass grafting. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2004;26:956–959.
  12. Mussa, S., Guzik, T. J., Black, E., Dipp, M. A., Channon, K. M., & Taggart, D. P. (2003). Comparative efficacies and durations of action of phenoxybenzamine, verapamil/nitroglycerin solution, and papaverine as topical antispasmodics for radial artery coronary bypass grafting.The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery,126(6), 1798–1805. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5223(03)00943-7
  13. Harrison, W. E., Mellor, A. J., Clark, J., & Singer, D. R. (2001). Vasodilator pre-treatment of human radial arteries; comparison of effects of phenoxybenzamine vs papaverine on norepinephrine-induced contraction in vitro. European heart journal, 22(23), 2209–2216. https://doi.org/10.1053/euhj.2001.2629
  14. Vargas, C. R., Iorio, M. L., & Lee, B. T. (2015). A Systematic Review of Topical Vasodilators for the Treatment of Intraoperative Vasospasm in Reconstructive Microsurgery. Plastic and reconstructive surgery, 136(2), 411–422. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000001431