Lumbar degenerative disc disease (LDDD) poses a significant health challenge, affecting a vast portion of the adult population and leading to a range of symptoms. This condition, associated with aging and injury, not only impacts quality of life but also exerts substantial economic burdens on society. The pathophysiology of LDDD is multifaceted and influenced by mechanical, genetic, and molecular factors. It is the significant role of oxidative stress in disc degeneration, affecting cellular structures and molecular mechanisms. This study investigates the expression of antioxidant proteins, thioredoxin (TRX) and Peroxiredoxin (PRDX1/PAG), in lumbar intervertebral discs at different stages of degeneration, shedding light on their potential therapeutic relevance. By enhancing our understanding of the complexities of LDDD, this research paves the way for more effective treatment strategies, from lifestyle modifications to targeted therapies aimed at addressing the molecular aspects of the disease, ultimately offering improved outcomes for patients with LDDD.