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\begin{document}
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\title{Resilience-Oriented Load Restoration Method for Power-gas-water Systems
Considering Public Safety Impact}



\author[1]{haiyang Wan}%
\author[1]{Wenxia Liu}%
\author[1]{Shuai Zhang}%
\author[1]{Qingxin Shi}%
\author[1]{Rui Cheng}%
\author[2]{Wei Feng}%
\affil[1]{North China Electric Power University}%
\affil[2]{Emerson Electric Co}%


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  \date{April 25, 2026}


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\begin{abstract}
Focusing solely on enhancing the resilience of power systems at a
systemic level would lead to a significant underestimation of the actual
impact of extreme disasters. Equally vital is the assurance of
livelihood security amidst such extreme conditions, which is crucial for
the development of a truly resilient power system. Hence, this paper
attempts to incorporate quantifiable metrics assessing public safety
impacts into resilience enhancement works, thereby guiding precise
allocation of funds. Considering that the residents' intuitive feelings
are the most direct reflection of the severity of the disaster, this
paper employs the modified prospect theory to formulate functions
representing residents' psychological risk perception and risk-taking
willingness to tolerate risks during disruptions in power, gas, and
water supplies. Meanwhile, in order to accurately calculate the energy
loss duration for each residential customer, a resilience enhancement
method for post-disaster collaborative dispatch of electricity-gas-water
systems (EGWSs) is proposed. With the objective of minimizing the public
safety and economic impact of disasters, the optimal multi-source
collaborative emergency restoration strategy is developed. The
significant necessity and efficiency of the proposed strategy are
verified with exhaustive case studies. Numerical results evince the
resilience enhancement by considering the livelihood security in the
post-disaster restoration stage.%
\end{abstract}%



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