A Meta-Analysis of Adverse Events in the Phase I Clinical Trials
Conducted at Fortrea Leeds Clinical Research Unit from 2016 to 2021.
Abstract
Aim Tragic incidents in Phase I trials have been cited to suggest that
trials put participants at high levels of risk. This meta-analysis aimed
to evaluate risks to Phase I trial participants at the Fortrea Clinical
Research Unit (FCRU) (UK) between 2016-2021. Methods Sixty-Five FCRU
Phase I trials enrolling 3194 participants were included (99% healthy
volunteers). Analysed trials tested active drugs, had finalised clinical
study reports (CSRs), and standardised AE reporting procedures. Data on
drug type, study design, participant numbers, and AEs were extracted
from CSRs. A chi-square test of homogeneity tested mild, moderate, and
severe AE probability distributions between placebo and active groups. A
negative binomial regression examined relationships of administration
route (parenteral vs non-parenteral), drug type (small molecule vs
biologic), and trial type (First in Human (FIH) vs non-FIH) to number of
AEs reported. Results Over 55% of participants reported at least one
AE. 5051 AEs were reported; classified as mild (90.1%), moderate
(9.4%), severe (0.4%), or unknown (0.1%). Proportion of AEs by
severity category was similar between active and placebo groups
(χ2(2)=3.942, p=0.139). Fifteen serious AEs were reported. Parenteral
administration and biological drugs had no significant effect on AE
incidence. FIH trials were a significant predictor of lower AE risk.
Conclusion AEs were commonly reported in these Phase I trials. Trial
features perceived to increase AE risks (parenteral administration,
biologic drugs) did not and AE risk in FIH trials was lower compared
with non-FIH trials. The trials analysed posed a low risk of serious
harm to participants.